Journal of the stylistic of Persian poem and prose
volume Number 17، number In Volume 7، October 2024 ، issue Number 101

Poetry stylistics of twelve famous and unknown poets from Nader Shah to the beginning of Fath Ali Shah's reign (1735-1797).

Zohre Amininia , Abdullah Hassanzadeh Mirali (Author in Charge), Omid Majd

Abstract

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: This research deals with the stylistics of twelve famous and unknown poets of the second half of the 12th century, that is, the Afshariya and Zandiye period, which covers the years (1735-1797), on four phonetic, linguistic, literary and intellectual levels.

METHODOLOGY: The research method is library and documentary. In this research, Divan Shear of some famous poets and some manuscripts of anonymous poets were examined.

FINDINGS: The interlude period is a short period of sixty years, which is between the two periods of the Indian style and the return style, from the point of view of some researchers, there was no room for the growth and development of literature in this period, and no poet spoke to the extent that this period have been considered as one of the poorest periods of literature, and the only reason for them is that the poets followed the ancient way of thinking and style. Such a ratio is completely unfair and ignoring a large amount of works of poets of this period, by studying the divan of each of them, you can find many valuable and pleasant poems. The period of intermission has always been overshadowed by the period of return and the poetry of this period has not been paid attention to, while the poetry of this period had a significant impact on the formation, growth and perfection of the content of the poetry of the Qajar period and subsequent periods and is of great importance in the historical and literary history. Also, the formation of the great movement of literary return by several famous poets of Isfahan to reject the Indian style and return to the Iraqi style, all show the vitality of poetry in this period.

CONCLUSION: Result: The researches show that in the period of Fatrat period, their theoretical foundations were back to the old models, to a very small extent from the dominant discourse and theoretical foundations of Khorasani and to a certain extent from the Iraqi style and the Timurid period, and the most examples were taken from the period of occurrence and the previous period. By itself, it was the Indian style. The famous poets of this period, such as Mushtaq, Hatef, Azar, Sabahi, have been more successful in taking examples from the ancient periods, both in language and in theoretical foundations, and the non-famous poets of this period, such as: Safi, Hashim, Nuralishah, in theoretical and language foundations. In terms of theory and language, they are close to the style of Iraqi and Tofan, Darvish, Rafiq, Tabib, and Ashiq, to ​​the style of the event and the Indian style.

Keyword
Poetry stylistics , Fetrat period , the first period of literary return , Afshariya and Zandiye period

• Manuscripts:
• Safi Sepahani (Esfahani), Jafar, No. 2507, Tehran University Library.
• Tofan Hazar Jaribi (Mazandarani), No. 2743, 12th century
• Zahabi Shirazi, Mohammad Hashem, No. 5690, Tehran, Malek Library, book date 1886, 14th century A.H.
• Books:
• The Holy Quran
• Bigdeli, Azar, (1987) Divan, by the efforts of Sadat Naseri, Hassan, Bigdeli, Gholamhossein, first edition, Javidan edition.
• Darvish Shekastenevis, Abdul Majid, (1984) edited by Soheili Khansari, Ahmad, "Ma" publication.
• Esfahani, Asheq, (1983) Divan, second edition, Javidan Publication.
• Esfahani, Hatef, (2023) Divan, edited by Vahid Dastgardi, Negah Publication, 8th edition.
• Esfahani, Mushtaq, (1941) Divan, corrected by Hossein Makki, Moravvej Publication.
• Esfahani, Nuralishah (2002), Divan, by Javad Nurbakhsh, Yalda Qalam Publication, first edition.
• Esfahani, Rafiq, (1984) Divan, by Ahmed Karami, first edition, "Ma" Publication.
• Esfahani, Tabib, Divan, written by Kivan Samii, edited by Mojtabi Borzabadi Farahani.
• Fotuhi, Mahmoud (2011), stylistics of theories, approaches and methods, Sokhon Publications, Tehran, 4th edition, pp. 218-219
• Khaleghi, Ruhollah, Mehr Magazine, L2, p. 392
• Natal Khanleri, Parviz, critical research in Persian prose and how weights change
• Sabahi Bidgoli, Haj Suleiman, (2015) proofreader, Masoudi Arani, Abdullah, Osweh Publication.
• Shafi'i Kadkani, Mohammad Reza (1992), poetry music, 4th edition, Tehran, Agah Publication, p.71
• Shafi'i Kadkani, Mohammad Reza (1992), poetry music, 4th edition, Tehran, Nashagah, pp. 138-142
• Shafi'i Kadkani, Mohammad Reza (2007), Qalandrieh in History, Volume 3, Tehran, Sokhan
• Shafi'i Kadkani, Mohhammadreza (1994) Poetry Music, 4th edition, Tehran, Agah publication, p 62
• Shamisa, Siros (2013), Generalities of stylistics, second edition, fourth edition, Mitra publishing house, pp. 213-223
• Shams Langroudi, (1993) School of Return, first edition, Markaz Publication
• Shimisa, Siros, (2014) Generalities of Stylistics, 2nd edition, 4th edition, Mitra Publication. p. 110