- Count View : 39
- آدرس کوتاه شده مقاله: https://bahareadab.com/article_id/2073
- کد IranDOI مقاله: IranDOI :10.irandoi.2002/bahareadab.2026 .19 .8319
volume Number : 19
number In Volume : 7
issue Number : 125
Journal of the stylistic of Persian poem and prose
volume Number 19،
number In Volume 7،
،
issue Number 125
An Analysis and Investigation of Ethical and Social Values and Anti-Values in Forough Farrokhzad’s Poetry
Sanaz Fadaei , Roqiyeh Alavi (Author in Charge), Seyed Kayhan Shohadaei
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: In addition to its aesthetic qualities, the poetry of Forough Farrokhzad reflects a critical perspective on numerous ethical and social issues concerning human beings in contemporary society. This study aims to identify, analyze, and explain the ethical and social values and anti-values manifested in Farrokhzad’s poetry and to examine their significance within the poet’s intellectual framework and worldview. It seeks to demonstrate how Farrokhzad’s poetry transcends the realm of individual experiences and engages critically with the cultural, social, and ethical structures of society.
METHODOLOGY: The present study adopts a descriptive-analytical approach and is based on library research and documentary analysis, drawing upon reliable online sources as well. The data were extracted from Farrokhzad’s collected poems, and relevant textual evidence has been presented to the extent appropriate to the scope of the study.
FINDINGS: The findings indicate that the most significant ethical and social values reflected in Farrokhzad’s poetry include the pursuit of justice, freedom, humanism, altruism, advocacy of peace, love, appreciation of goodness, responsibility, opposition to discrimination and patriarchy, and concern for the preservation of nature.
CONCLUSION: The results demonstrate that Farrokhzad’s intellectual framework is centered on the defense of human dignity and the critique of unethical structures. From this perspective, her poetry is not merely an expression of feminine and individual emotions; rather, by drawing upon fundamental ethical principles, it critiques the erosion of human emotions and various forms of discrimination embedded in patriarchal structures and adopts a critical stance toward diverse anti-values. Although Farrokhzad’s poetry cannot be classified within the framework of didactic literature, she addresses numerous ethical and social issues with considerable precision and subtlety.
Keyword
Forough Farrokhzad
, Poetry
, Ethical and Social Values
, Ethical and Social Anti-Values.
- Atashi, Manouchehr (2003). Forough among the Ghosts. Tehran: Amitis, p. 89.
- Aristotle (2023). Ethics. Translated by Reza Mashayekhi. 5th ed. Tehran: Negah, p. 12.
- Eslami Nadoushan, Mohammad Ali (1991). The World-Reflecting Cup. Tehran: Jami, p. 226.
- Al-Mostafa, Doa, and Homayra Zomorodi (2024). “Stylistics of Women’s Poetry Based on the Poetry of Jaleh Ghaem-Maghami and Forough Farrokhzad.” Scientific Journal of Stylistics of Persian Poetry and Prose (formerly Bahar-e Adab), Vol. 17, No. 3, Serial No. 97, pp. 323–342.
- Habibi, Ali Asghar, et al. (2014). “A Comparative Study of Shared Social Themes in the Poetry of Forough Farrokhzad and Suad Al-Sabah Based on a Feminist Approach.” Comparative Literature Journal of the Faculty of Literature and Humanities, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Vol. 6, No. 11, pp. 95–117.
- Hoghooghi, Mohammad (2005). The Poetry of Our Time (4): Forough Farrokhzad. 9th ed. Tehran: Negah, p. 23.
- Razeghi, Ramazanali, et al. (2022). “A Study of the Intellectual Style of Contemporary Revolutionary Poets Regarding Ethical and Value Concepts, with Emphasis on the Poetry of Salman Herati, Alireza Ghazveh, Tahereh Saffarzadeh, Qeysar Aminpour, Ahmad Azizi, and Mehdi Sayyari.” Scientific Journal of Stylistics of Persian Poetry and Prose (Bahar-e Adab), Vol. 15, Serial No. 73, pp. 63–78.
- Sartre, Jean-Paul (1991). What Is Literature? Translated by Abolhasan Najafi and Mostafa Rahimi. Tehran: Ketab-e Zaman, p. 30.
- Seebohm, Lawrence (1999). A History of Western Moral Philosophy. Translated by a Group of Translators. Qom: Imam Khomeini Institute Publications, pp. 21–24.
- Shadkhast, Mehdi (2005). In the Bright Solitude. Tehran: Ataei, p. 238.
- Sheibani, Parviz, et al. (2019). “Classification of Ethical Concepts in Ferdowsi’s Shahnameh.” Quarterly Journal of Ethics in Science and Technology, Vol. 14, No. 2, pp. 37–44.
- Sanei Darreh-Meybodi, Manouchehr (2008). Moral Philosophy and the Foundations of Behavior. 2nd ed. Tehran: Soroush, p. 7.
- Alavi-Moghadam, Seyyed Mohammad (2004). “Who Is a Committed Poet and What Is Committed Poetry?” Persian Literature Journal of Islamic Azad University of Mashhad, Vol. 2, Nos. 3–4, pp. 9–16.
- Alavi-Moghadam, Seyyed Mohammad (1992). “Immorality in the Shahnameh.” Keyhan-e Andisheh, No. 41, pp. 153–173.
- Farrokhzad, Pouran (2020). The One Who Is Like No One. Tehran: Nimareh, p. 123.
- Farrokhzad, Forough (2025). The Complete Divan of Forough Farrokhzad. 9th ed. Tehran: Fasl-e Panjom Publications.
- Karachi, Rouh-Angiz (1997). Forough, the Rebellious and Grieved. Tehran: Rahian-e Andisheh, p. 28.
- Karimi-Rad, Nader, et al. (2023). “Commitment to Ethical Values in the Romantic School: A Study of the Poetry of Fereydoun Moshiri and William Blake.” Quarterly Journal of Ethics in Science and Technology, Vol. 18, No. 20, pp. 16–22.
- Mokhtari, Mohammad (1992). Humanity in Contemporary Poetry, or the Present Understanding of the Other. Tehran: Tous, pp. 560–561.
- Modarresi, Mohammad Reza (2009). Moral Philosophy. Tehran: Sarsh, pp. 21–22.
- Moshref Azad Tehrani, Mahmoud (2014). Parishad: The Poetry of Life and the Poetry of Forough Farrokhzad. 4th ed. Tehran: Nashr-e Sales, p. 272.
- Yousefi, Shohreh (2004). Speaking of Silver Life Is a Song: A Study of the Poetry and Life of Forough Farrokhzad and a Critical Review of Her Poetry. Tehran: Afarin Publications, pp. 216–217.
- Weber. Max(2002). The protestan Ethic and the sprito of capitalism: edit (3) by Talcott parsons. London: George Allen and unwin.