Journal of the stylistic of Persian poem and prose
volume Number 14، number In Volume 2، May 2021 ، issue Number 60

The Challenge of Needs in the Characterization of Suwashun's Novel

Mohammad ali Rezaee , sare zirak (Author in Charge), Amir Esmaeel Azar

Abstract

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Personality is the main element of the narrative structure of any story and the way they are expressed and created has a fundamental role in the process of plot processing and the formation of events and the forward movement of each narrative text. If there is no character in the story, no story will happen. The main characters of Suoshun"s novel, Yousef and Zari, have been studied and analyzed from the point of view of expression. Based on the triple pattern; Supremacy, benevolence and isolationism are the characteristics of personalities whose formation is often considered to be influenced by environment and upbringing.

METHODOLOGY: The following is the basis of the descriptive-analytical method and is based on the study of the spheres and the defense of Karen Hornay and the novel by Simin Daneshvar and the two main periods of Suoshun.

FINDINGS: The main protagonists of the story are two types of power-loving and loving characters, the first is a man and the other is a woman. The analysis shows that the main reason for the formation of the loving character of the woman in the story is the anxieties and needs that are aroused by the existence and presence of the powerful character of the man in the woman. These challenges have made the woman self-deprecating and transformed into a submissive, self-blaming, dependent on the love and acknowledgment of others. At the end of these internal and external conflicts, Zari suddenly sees in herself what is in the existence of people like Yusuf and she always regrets their absence in her character. Joseph"s need for power stems from the anxiety he sees about the influence of outsiders. He fears that his brothers and compatriots will die, and his sense of insecurity raises the need for power and victory.

Keyword
Personality Psychology , Karen Horney , Soushon , Environment , Need.

• Adler, Alfred (2000), Understanding Human Nature from a Psychological Perspective, translated by Tahereh, a jeweler. Tehran: Roshd Publications.
• A group of authors (2018), biography and scientific and cultural services of Simin Daneshvar, Tehran: Association of Cultural Works and Honors.
• Daneshvar, Simin (2019), Suvushun, twenty-fifth edition. Tehran: Kharazmi Publications.
• Reikman, Richard (2008), Personality Theories, translated by Mehrdad Firoozbakht. Tehran: Arasbaran Publications.
• Shamloo, Saeed (2003), Personality Psychology, seventh edition. Tehran: Roshd Publications.
• Shamloo, Saeed (2005), Schools and Theories in Personality Psychology, 8th edition. Tehran: Roshd Publications.
• Shokrkon, Hossein; Et al. (2006), Schools of Psychology and its Critique, Fifth Edition. Tehran: Samat Publications.
• Schultz, Duane; Schultz, Sydney Allen (2012), Theories of Personality, translated by Yahya Seyed Mohammadi, twenty-second edition. Tehran: Viraish Publications.
• Karimi, Yousef, (2017), Personality Psychology, 21st Edition, Tehran: Arasbaran Publications.
• Mirsadeghi, Jamal (2006), Elements of the Story, Fifth Edition. Tehran: Sokhan Publications.
• Mersadqi, Jamal (1987) Fiction literature (story, short story, Rumman), Tehran: Shafa Publications.
• Nikzad, Mahmoud (2012), Comprehensive Culture of Psychology, Tehran: Kayhan Institute.
• Hornay, Karen (1990), Internal Contradictions, translated by Mohammad Jafar Musaffa. Sixth edition. Tehran: Behjat Publications.
• Horney, Karen (2011), The Nervous Personality of Our Time, translated by Mohammad Jafar Musaffa. Fifth Edition. Tehran: Behjat Publications.
• Horney, Karen (2012), Self-Exploration, translated by Mohammad Jafar Musaffa, fifth edition. Tehran: Behjat Publications.