Journal of the stylistic of Persian poem and prose
volume Number 14، number In Volume 6، September 2021 ، issue Number 64

The Aesthetic functions and poetic style of adjectives in Attar Neyshaburi's lyrics

Zhila Asadi , Jalil Mashidi (Author in Charge), Zahra Rajabi

Abstract

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: An adjective is a word that binds noun to itself and explains about it. Poets use a powerful tool called adjective to express their deepest feelings. In literary works, especially poetryو The adjectives appear in rhetoric rather than in grammar, and reveal the hidden points of the writers mental. Expressive adjectives in Attar"s lyric poems have many rhetorical, aesthetic and stylistic values ​​that are important both in terms of content and coherence of the text and in terms of determining the style of lyric poems.

METHODOLOGY: The present research is a theoretical study that has studied these ambiguities in a library manner, analyzing artistic-aesthetic functions, find out a proportional relationship between these functions and Attar"s personal style.

For this purpose, the expressive adjective of the first 400 his lyric poems have been studied based on the rhetorical functions of stylistics.

FINDINGS: The Attar"s lyric poetry is one of the most glorious literary works in which descriptive compositions, while simple, have cryptic ambiguities that make them difficult to understand. In this research, have been found some manifestations of the aesthetic applications of adjectives in poetry, such as the equivalent adjective, the distinctive adjective, and so on, which have not been mentioned in literature works and grammatical-rhetorical researches of adjectives and worth considering.

CONCLUSION: The results show that the Attar"s style lyrics in artistic application of adjectives, has been an intermediate style between a content and expression styles of the language and it has the most obvious rhetorical application to creation musical effects. Also the allegories in these lyric poems have an essential role in the coherence of the longitudinal axis; In such a way that the correct receipt of the concept depends on the correct receipt of the allegories.

Keyword
Stylistics , Aesthetics , Rhetoric , Adjective , Attar , Lyrics

• Anvari, Hassan and Ahmadi Givi, Hassan. (2012). Persian Grammer. 4th Edition. Tehran: Fatemi, p.115
• Dahrami, Mehdi. (2016). Grammar of Contemporary Poetry. Jiroft: University Press, pp. 53-56
• Dehkhoda, Aliakbar. (1993). The Dictionary. Tehran: 2nd Edition, University of Tehran Press, 15 vols.
• Dehrami, Mehdi. (2015). Artistic roles of adjectives in creating literary language. Illustration and quality of emotion and thought in Shamloo poetry, Literary Aesthetics, 6 (23), pp. 46-27
• Farshidvard, Khosro. (1997). The Literary and poetic adjectives in Hafez's Divan and its comparison with the work of other poets of Iran and the world. Spring1997. Ashena Quarterly, Issue 34, pp. 139-124.
• Farshidvard, Khosro. (2013). The Detailed of today Grammer. Tehran: Sokhan, pp. 256-253.
• Forouzanfar, Badi'at al-Zaman. (1974). The Description and critique and analysis of the works of Farid al-Din Mohammad Attar Neyshabouri. Tehran: Dehkhoda, p.74.
• Fotouhi, Mahmoud. (2006). The rhetoric of Image. Tehran: Sokhan, p. 84.
• Fotouhi, Mahmoud. (2011). The Stylistics Theories, Approaches and Methods. Tehran: Sokhan, pp. 44-305-336
• Hosseinpour Sarkarizi, Ahmad. (2016). Rhetorical value and aesthetics of adjectives. Specialized Quarterly of Persian Literature, 2 (7), pp. 155-172.
• Leech Geoffrey. N. (1969). A linguistic Guide to English poetry. London (3rd ed. 1973)
• Pournamdarian, Taghi. (2005). In the shade of the sun. 2nd Edition. Tehran: Sokhan, p.186
• Qirwani, Ibn Rashiq. (1955). Al-Umda fi Mahasna Al-She'ara va Adaba va Naqda, research by Mohammad Muhyiddin Abdul Hamid, vol. 2, Cairo.
• Radviani, Mohammad Ibn Omar. (1949). Al-Balaghah Tarjoman, edited by Ahmad Atash. Istanbul: Ibrahim Makhrous Printing House, p.65.
• Rami, Sharafuddin. (1946). Companion of lovers, edited by Abbas Iqbal. Tehran: Iranian Works Publisher Association, pp. 14-15.
• Safavi, Kourosh. (2004). An Introduction to Semantics. Tehran: Soureh Mehr, p. 210.
• Shafiee Kadkani, Mohammad Reza. (2004). Imagery in Persian poetry. 9th edition. Tehran: Agah, pp.85-149.
• Shafiee Kadkani, Mohammad Reza. (2012). Resurrection of words. Tehran: Sokhan, p. 150.
• Shams al-Ulama Garkani, Mohammad Hussein. (1998). Abda-al-badaye. In partnership with Hossein Jafari. 1st Edition. Tabriz: Ahrar, pp. 70-308.
• Vaeze Kashfi Sabzevari, Mirza Hossein. (1990). The Innovation of thoughts in the poetry industry. Edited by Jalaluddin Kazazi. 1st edition, Tehran: Me’raj, p.91.
• Zarrinkoob, Abdul Hussein. (2009). Poetry of Lusterless, 10th edition. Tehran: Golrang, Yekta, p.71.