Journal of the stylistic of Persian poem and prose
volume Number 16، number In Volume 8، November 2023 ، issue Number 90

Examining the different dimensions of nihilism in the poetry of contemporary poets (Mehdi Akhavan sales, Ahmad Shamlou, Forough Farrokhzad, Manouchehr Atashi, Nader Naderpour, Mohammad Zohari)

Elham Behnam Vazifeh , Narges Asghari Govar (Author in Charge), Ali Ramazani

Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: After the Renaissance period and the emergence of industrial developments, man saw himself at the center of the universe and admired his power. In other words, with the industrial progress, man feels powerful and the issue of the death of Nietzsche"s God has occurred and belief in God is lost in his mind. The consequence of such thinking was the weakening of religious beliefs and the destruction of traditional values, which led to nihilism. In the 1930s and 1940s, Iranian intellectuals became involved in nihilistic thoughts while being familiar with such thoughts and due to the existence of severe political-social disturbances. The purpose of this research is to investigate the various dimensions of nihilism from political, social, philosophical, existential, epistemological, and ethical aspects in the poems of contemporary poets (Mahdi Akhvan sales, Ahmad Shamlou, Forough Farrokhzad, Manouchehr Atashi, Nader Naderpour, and Mohammad Zohari) has been. METHODOLOGY: This research is descriptive-analytical and library study and data collection based on content analysis. FINDINGS: Based on the findings of the research, the various dimensions of nihilism are reflected in the poems of the poets in question, according to the frequency of social, philosophical, ethical, existential, political, and epistemological nihilism. Meanwhile, Shamlou"s poems in political nihilism, Forough Farrokhzad in philosophical nihilism, and Mohammad Zohari in moral nihilism have more frequency. Also, the frequencies of existential and social nihilism are almost the same in the poems of the poets in question. It should be mentioned that according to the search of the authors, no evidence of epistemological nihilism was found in the poems of Ahmad Shamlou, Mohammad Zohari, and Nader Naderpour, and no evidence of political nihilism was found in the poems of Manouchehr Atashi. CONCLUSION: It seems that the tense political situation of the 30s and 40s, the imprisonment of poets, the transition of Iranian society from tradition to modernity, World War II, illiteracy and ignorance of the common people and things like that, are a kind of hopelessness, disillusionment, absurdity and He injected meaning into the poems of this period. Meanwhile, personal issues such as unfulfilled romantic relationships, loneliness, migration and sojourn have also pushed poets towards a kind of meaninglessness, emptiness and worthlessness of the world and life.

Keyword
nihilism , political-social situation , contemporary poetry.

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